Other publications
The following list provides further reading and web links for each
of the articles. The references are aimed at a popular science
level rather than an expert level. Suggestions for additional
links are welcome.
Michael Paine, April 2001.
- "Rain of Iron and Ice" by John Lewis. Addison Wesley,
1996.
- "Rogue asteroids and doomsday comets" by Duncan Steel.
John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
- "Impact" by Gerrit Verschuur,Oxford University Press,
1996.
Updates
- "Cosmos" by Carl Sagan (Random House, 1980) - fusion
processes in stars
- "Mining the Sky" by John S. Lewis (Addison Wesley, 1996)
- composition of asteroids and comets, space propulsion
systems, techniques for mining asteroids, space colonies.
- PERMANENT - asteroid mining http://www.permanent.com/
- NEAP - Spacedev Corp asteroid prospecting mission. http://www.spacedev.com/NEAP/NEAP.html
- Asteroid
Mining Group - Resources for the Future of Humanity
Updates
- 25 Nov 1999 Unisci: Humans
Seen Living On Other Planets In 100 Years - includes
asteroid mining
- 27 Nov 1999: Purple
salt
and tiny drops of water in meteorites. by Jeffery
Taylor, Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology
- 2 Dec 1999: Amino
acid
survival in large cometary impacts by E. Pierazzo and
C. F. Chyba, abstract from Meteoritics
&
Planetary Science.
- Meteorites
and Their Properties - Lunar and Planetary Laboratory,
University of Arizona.
- Space.com Business
Sees
Cash Among the Constellations and One
man's vision of profit in space.
- 18 Feb 2000 Space.com: Many
pennies
from heaven - Nickel from the Sudbury impact in Canada
generates $3 billion per year.
- PSR Discoveries, March 2000 Supernova
Debris
in the Solar System. Also From
a
Cloud of Gas and Dust to an Asteroid with Percolating Hot
Water and Moving
Stars
and Shifting Sands of Presolar History.
- NASA Supernova
Explosions.
- 30 May 2000 SpaceDaily: Ancient
Meteorite
Hints At Sol's Birth.
- 18 Sep 2000 Space.com: Human
Missions
to Titan, Ganymede, Deep Space [and asteroids] In NASA's
Future- Travelling within this region, access to
numbers of asteroids become feasible. "In the region of
space between Earth and Jupiter, there are many tens of
thousands of asteroids -- some composed of valuable
minerals, others of materials that could be used to make
propellants, in space construction or for commercial
ventures," the plan explains.
- 3 Oct 2000 PSRD: The
Oldest
Metal in the Solar System - Shiny grains of metal
in a type of stony meteorite called CH chondrites contain
important information about conditions in the cloud of gas
and dust from which the Sun and planets formed.
- 5 Oct 2000 NEAR team: Consolidated
but
Undifferentiated - ...Earth's crust is the
outermost layer of a differentiated body. Iron, nickel and
other metals (including gold and platinum) were once
finely dispersed throughout the primitive material from
which Earth formed, but melting occurred early in Earth's
history, and these metals settled for the most part into
the core of the Earth. Only a small proportion of these
metals can still be found in Earth's crust. On Eros,
however, these metals would still be present, dispersed
throughout the body of the asteroid. There have been
serious suggestions that commercial mining of asteroids
may someday become viable. While undifferentiated Eros may
be 10% metallic nickel-iron by weight (with most of the
iron in chemically bound forms), there are also
differentiated asteroids, like 1986DA, that are almost
pure nickel-iron.
- 23 Nov 2000 PSRD: Mining
the
Moon, Mars and Asteroids - a report on the Space Resources
Roundtable.
- 9 Dec 2000: THE
REALLY, REALLY BIG DIG: MINING ASTEROIDS THE FUTURE OF
ISS?
- 29 Dec 2000 Space.com: Space
ANTS:
Futuristic Probes to Cruise Asteroid Belt
- 7 Mar 01 Sci Am: How
feasible—and
valuable—is asteroid mining? (comments from David
McKay and John Lewis)
- 23 Mar 01 New Scientist: Vapour
trail - Miniature spacecraft could puff their way
across the galaxy using steam engines.
- 27 Mar 03 PSS: The
statistics
of flight opportunities to accessible near-Earth asteroids
- One of the objects involved, 1999 AO10,
can be rendezvoused with using a total velocity increment
that is smaller than that required to establish a lunar
orbiter.
- 18 Mar 04 SpaceDaily: Surrey
Successfully
Demonstrates Steam Micro-Propulsion In-Orbit
- 11 Nov 04 Space.com: Mining
the
Moon, the Gateway to Mars
- 19 May 05 Space.com: Not
So
Picture Perfect: Proposed Lunar Landing Site Has Drawbacks
+ Moon Miners'
Manifesto
- 12 Jun 05 SAE Paper: Near
Earth
Objects (Neo) as Material Resources for Future Space
Architecture Applications.
- 10 Jun 06 Acta Astronautica: A
captured asteroid : Our David's stone for shielding earth
and providing the cheapest extraterrestrial material
- 14 Mar 07 Acta Astronautica : Materials
refining on the Moon.
- 22 Feb 13 Ballina Shire Advocate: Fly-in,
fly-out... of space - A group of speakers and guests
are this week in Sydney discussing the possibility of space
mining... - see also Off-Earth Mining
Forum (pioneer in this field, Mark Sonter, was one of
the speakers)
- 7 May 15 Space.com: Asteroid-Mining
Company to Deploy 1st Satellite This Summer
- 2 Sep 15 ABC Radio National: Space
mining
- 22 Feb 16 ABC: Space
mining edges closer to reality but legal minefield remains.
- 10 May 16 Space Review: Mining
issues in space law.
- 27 May 17 Spaceflight Now: Earlier
launch of NASA’s Psyche mission touted as cost-saving
measure
- 4 Dec 17 NZ Herald: US
mining school to offer world's first space mining degree
- 26 Apr 18 News.com.au: Goldman
predicts the world’s first trillionaire will mine
asteroids
- 19 Aug 18 New Scientist ($): Why
I’m flying to the solar system’s only all-metal world
Worth 10 quintillion dollars, the metal asteroid Psyche is a
space miner's fantasy – but there are better reasons to want
to visit it,
- 17 Oct 18 Space Review: Asteroid
mining: appealing to our romantic side? [refers to the
steam rocket idea mentioned in my article]
- 8 Jan 19 Space Review: The
asteroid mining bubble has burst.
- 8 Feb 19 NewSci: Here’s
how we could turn an asteroid into a space station.
- 6 Apr 21 The Conversation: Space
mining is not science fiction, and Canada could figure
prominently
- 20 Jun 21 UT: Asteroid
16 Psyche Might Not be a Solid Chunk of Metal After All,
but Another Rubble Pile
- 21 Oct 21 Forbes: Space
Mining: Scientists Discover Two Asteroids Whose Precious
Metals Would Exceed Global Reserves
- 21 Oct 23 ABC: Why
NASA's Psyche probe is embarking on humanity's first
journey to a metal asteroid.
See also Tsunami from Asteroid/Comet Impacts http://www1.tpgi.com.au/users/tps-seti/spacegd7.html
- "Bikini - a way of life lost", National Geographic, June
1986. Description of the Bikini atomic bomb tests.
- "Mt St Helens: the day the sky fell", National
Geographic, January 1981. Comparison of the Mt St Helens
explosion with other volcanic explosions.
- "Rain of Iron and Ice" by John Lewis. Addison Wesley,
1996. Description of impact scenarios, including tsunami.
- "Rogue asteroids and doomsday comets" by Duncan Steel.
John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
- "Modelling asteroid impact and tsunami" by David Crawford
and Charles Mader. Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol 16,
No. 1, 1998. (available on the Internet at http://epubs.lanl.gov/tsunami/
)
- "Modelling the Eltanin asteroid tsunami" by Charles
Mader. Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol 16, No. 1,
1998. (available on the Internet at http://epubs.lanl.gov/tsunami/
)
- Tsunami from Asteroid/Comet Impacts http://www1.tpgi.com.au/users/tps-seti/spacegd7.html
- "Tsunami!"
by by Frank I. González , Scientific American, July 1999.
- Missing link? - Human ancestors 2 million years ago. http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/news/press/99/pr9931.htm
- 3 Apr 02 UniSci: Superfloods
Controversial,
But Aid Flood Prediction
Updates
- "Rain of Iron and Ice" by John Lewis. Addison Wesley,
1996.
- "Rogue asteroids and doomsday comets" by Duncan Steel.
John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
- "Impact Cratering: A Geologic Process" by H Jay Melosh.
Oxford University Press, 1989.
- "Impact Cratering on Earth" by Richard Grieve, Scientific
American, April 1990.
- "What Caused the Mass Extinction: An Extraterrestrial
Impact" by Walter Alvarez and Frank Asaro, Scientific
American, October 1990 (prior to discovery of Chicxulub
Crater)
- "What Caused the Mass Extinction: A Volcanic Eruption" by
Vincent Courtillot, Scientific American, October 1990
- "The
Kuiper
Belt" by Jane Luu and David Jewitt, Scientific
American, May 1996.
- Canadian Geological Survey - Impact Crater Database
- http://gdcinfo.agg.nrcan.gc.ca:80/toc.html?/crater/world_craters.html
- Shiva Hypothesis of Periodic Impacts http://www1.tpgi.com.au/users/tps-seti/crater.html#shiva
- Asteroid and comets and mass extinctions http://www1.tpgi.com.au/users/tps-seti/crater.html
- "Ignition of global wildfires at the Cretaceous/Tertiary
boundary" by MELOSH, H.J.; SCHNEIDER, N.M.; ZAHNLE,
K.J.; LATHAM, D. Nature, vol. 343, Jan. 18, 1990
- The
Mass-Extinction
Debates - How Science Works in a Crisis. Edited by
William Glen. This book examines the arguments and behavior
of the scientists who have been locked in conflict over two
competing theories to explain why, 65 million years ago,
most life on earth—including the dinosaurs—perished.
- Seismic
effects of the Caloris basin impact, Mercury - 1991
paper from Planetary and Space Science + TPS: Mercury's
Weird Terrain.
- "Jules
Verne,
Misunderstood Visionary" by Arthur Evans and Ron
Miller, Scientific American, April 1997.
- "Extremophiles"
by by Michael T. Madigan and Barry L. Marrs, Scientific
American, April 1997.
- "Swapping Rocks: Exchange of Surface Material Among the
Planets" by H Jay Melosh. The Planetary Report. July 1994.
Extract at http://www1.tpgi.com.au/users/tps-seti/swaprock.html
- "Novel
nano-organisms
from Australian sandstones" (PDF) by Philippa
Uwins, Richard Webb and Anthony Taylor, American
Mineralogist, Vol83, p1541, 1998. See also links at http://www1.tpgi.com.au/users/tps-seti/swaprock.html
- "The
Fifth
Miracle" by Paul Davies, The Penguin Press, 1998.
Origins of life, extremophiles, panspermia.
- "Survivors from Mars" by Paul Davies, New Scientist, 12
Sept 1998 http://www.newscientist.com/ns/980912/survivors.html
- The Martians in Your Kidneys by Neil Boyce, New
Scientist, 21 August1999. http://www.newscientist.com/ns/19990821/contents.html(contents
only)
- Interplanetary Infestations by Paul Davies, Sky &
Telescope, September1999 http://www.skypub.com/skytel/tofc/9909toc.html
(contents only)
- Life at the Limit by J Kelly Beatty, Sky & Telescope,
September 1999.http://www.skypub.com/skytel/tofc/9909toc.html
(contents only)
Updates
- 9 Dec 1999 NSF Bacteria
May Thrive in Antarctic Lake: Holds Implications for
Search for Life in the Solar System
- Critters,
critters
everywhere - The Why Files
- No
signs
of life - The Why Files (ALH84001)
- Molecular
Biology of Extremophiles Laboratory of IGM at Orsay
- Zapping
Mars
Rocks with Gamma Rays. PSR, Dec 1999.
- "Seeding Earth: Comets, Oceans and Life" by Chris Chyba,
January 1990 issue of the
Planetary
Report.
- BBC Bugs
in
Space "Astrobiologists are to test whether life from
Mars could have survived
a journey to Earth by hiding inside meteorites..."
- 14 Jan 2000 Space.com: Did
bacteria
survive the trip to Mars? Paper
delivered
at AAS
- Life
from
a dirty snowball - NASA
- "Microbes
deep
inside
the Earth" by James Fredrickson and Tullis Ontsott,
Scientific American, October 1996.
- 25 Feb 2000 InSCIght: Going
Deep
for an Unearthly Microbe
- Journal Extremophiles:
Life
under extreme conditions (subscription required to
view articles)
- 6 Mar 2000 Nature: Resurrecting
life
on Mars?
- 23 Mar 2000: New
method
of finding nannobacteria in rust could be used on Mars
ocks. Also NANNOBACTERIA
The University of Texas at Austin Department of Geological
Sciences
- 23 Mar 2000 Spacedaily: Scientist
Puts
Short Odds On Europan Life.
- 30 Mar 2000 SF Chronicle: A
test for "life from space' theory - Experiments
with high-speed guns show that comets could have delivered
the building blocks of life to Earth billions of years
ago. To be published in the journal Origins
of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere.
- 5 Apr 2000: Panspermia
Revisited:
Can Microbes Survive a Trip Through the Solar System?
and Impact
Delivery
of Organics to Earth, Mars, and Europa.
- 10 May 2000 SpaceDaily: CSIRO
Team Brings Back Deep Ocean Life Sample and Space.com:
New
Find
Proves Life Can Thrive in Hostile Conditions.
- 25 May 2000 PSRD: Liquid
water
on Mars: The story from meteorites... these two
studies of weathering products in Martian meteorites
suggest that small amounts of water were available near
the surface of Mars during the past several hundred
million years.
- 3 Jun 2000: Australian ABC Science Show - Nanobes,
Tiny
Diamonds (from asteroid impacts) and Core
Rock.
- 9 Jun 2000 ABC: New
Evidence
of Life’s Origins Researchers have found what they
believe are fossils 3.2 billion years old, suggesting that
life on Earth originated in volcano-heated ocean depths
where sunlight never entered.
- 30 Jun 2000 Nature: Life,
but not as we know it
- 13 Jul 2000 BBC: TOUGH
MICROBES
DISCOVERED AT THE SOUTH POLE.
- 18 Jul 2000 SpaceDaily: Viking
Data May Hide New Evidence For Life + The
Need For Mars Mission Exobiologists.
- Science@NASA The
Sagan
Criteria for Life Revisited
- 27 Jul 2000 BBC: Hot-spring
bug
goes into space. Also SPACE
'BUGS'
TO
TEST ALIEN MICROBE THEORY.(UT) Sci Am: From Mars
to Earth in a Meteorite?
- 1 Sep 2000 Space.com: Life
Amidst
Glaciers Thrives and Survives and New
Clues
About Martian Meteorites Baffle Scientists. Also
Discovery: Meteorites
Could
Reveal Martian Life.
- 19 Oct 2000 New Scientist: Eternal
life
- The resurrection of a bacterium after 250 million
years in salt suggests it may be immortal. Also
Nature Methuselan
microbes.
- 28 Oct 2000 Caltech: New
results
on Martian meteorite support hypothesis that life can jump
between planets +
links.
- 1 Nov 2000 Space.com: The
New
Case for Panspermia + Q&As with Chandra
Wickramasinghe and Jay
Melosh.
- 29 Nov 2000 NASA: LIFE
UNDER BOMBARDMENT (odd that my 'lifeboats
in
space' suggestion has not been raised).
- 8 Dec 2000 Space.com: Catastrophe,
Mother
of Evolution: Life Survived Early Bombardment.
- 14 Dec 2000 SpaceDaily: Compelling
Evidence
For Magnetotactic Mars Bacteria - Tiny magnetite
crystals -- so called magnetofossils -- embedded in the
meteorite were confirmed to be the type produced only by a
biological process unique to magnetotactic bacteria. Paper
in
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. BBC.
- 27 Feb 01 BBC: New
evidence
for life on Mars? Scientists have published what
they claim is conclusive evidence that bacteria once
lived on Mars. PNAS (PDF2,
PDF1
). Space.com,
ScienceDaily.
Scientific
American. More
Evidence
of Life on Mars Rock? Not So Fast.
- 13 Mar 01 BBC: Volcanoes
on
Mars 'may be active'.
- 16 Mar 01 Yahoo: Mars
Calamity
May Have Created Conditions for Life (Volcanic
eruptions)
- 17 Mar 01 SpaceDaily: All
Aboard the Meteor Express of Life (interstellar transfers)
- 9 Apr 01 New Scientist: Wish
upon
a star - Life may spread in space when star
systems pass close by.
- 8 Jun 01 BBC: Row
over
ancient bacteria - Scientists are arguing over
whether a strain of bacteria has really been revived after
250 million years.
- 13 Jun 01 SpaceDaily: Life's
Rocky Road Between Worlds (Paper on transpermia by
Michael Paine)
- 8 Aug 01 NASA Astrobiology Institute: Proceedings
of
2001 Conference (large PDF files).
- 30 Oct 01 Guardian: Invaders
that
rock the world - Are we really descendants of
bacteria that rode on cosmic cannon balls, asks Matthew
Genge.
- 22 Dec 01: MarsBugs
website
with newsletter.
- 11 Jan 02 New Scientist:
Life from Mars (space experiments confirm hardiness of
bacteria and chances of transpermia)
- How about Venus? ScienceDaily 21 Jan 01: Study
Suggests
Venus Could Have Been Wet Planet.
- 8 May 03 UCLA:MARS,
PANSPERMIA,
AND THE ORIGIN OF LIFE: WHERE DID IT ALL BEGIN?
- 8 May 03 Astrobiology (journal): Exchange
of
Meteorites (and Life?) Between Stellar Systems - H. J.
Melosh
- 1 Jun 03 BBC: Maybe
we
are the Martians
- 12 Dec 04 PSI: Onset of
Impact-Generated Hydrothermal Systems: Hydrocode Modeling
- Pierazzo E., N.A. Artemieva, B.A. Ivanov
- 10 May 05 Asteroids:
Now
for the Good News - talk given at Australian Centre
for Astrobiology in 2003.
- 18 Sep 14 Sci_news: 18 Sep 14 Sci-News: Cell-Like
Structure Found within 1.3-Billion-Year-Old Martian
Meteorite (thanks Paul
Curnow)
- 8 Apr 16 CNN: Bombardments
likely enhanced conditions for life on Mars, study finds
(generating heat to melt ice - but also sending rocks to
Earth)
- 10 May 19 Space.com: Could
There Be Life on Mars Today [see also this
2010 paper]
- 18 Oct 24 JPL: Could
Life Exist Below Mars Ice? NASA Study Proposes
Possibilities + Nature: Potential
for photosynthesis on Mars within snow and ice [but,
for Transpermia,
there is less likelihood of photosynthesising
microbes surviving a journey from Earth to Mars (or
vice versa)]
- "Astronomical Catastrophes in Earth History" by Sidney
van Den Bergh, Publications of the Astronomical Society of
the Pacific, vol 106, no.701, July 1994.
- "Rain of Iron and Ice" by John Lewis, 1996.
- "Rogue Asteroids and Doomsday Comets" by Duncan Steel,
1995.
- "Flammable Ice" by Erwin Suess, Gerhard Bohrmann, Jens
Greinert and Erwin Lausch, Scientific
American,
November 1999.
- "Hell on Earth" by Michael Day, New
Scientist, 20 November 1999.
- "Extinctions" by Rick Gore, National Geographic, June
1989.
- "Ignition of global wildfires at the Cretaceous/Tertiary
boundary" by MELOSH, H.J.; SCHNEIDER, N.M.; ZAHNLE,
K.J.; LATHAM, D. Nature, vol. 343, Jan. 18, 1990
Updates about the KT (Dinosaur) extinction
- "North American impact structures hold giant field
potential" by Richard R Donofrio, Oil and Gas Journal, May
11, 1998. http://ogj.penwellnet.com/
- subscribers only (trial available). PDF copy
from Institute for
Exploration and Development Geosciences.
- "The petroleum potential of Australian Phanerozoic impact
structures" by John D Gorter, APPEA Journal, 1998. http://www.appea.com.au/(paper
not available online)
- "Considerations about recent predictions of impending
shortages of petroleum evaluated from the perspective of
modern petroleum science" by J F Kenney, Joint Institute of
the Physics of the Earth. http://www.csun.edu/~vegeo005/Energy.html.
Includes the quote by Lomonosov and a description of oil
exploration successes in Russia.
- "Recharging of oil and gas fields" by Tom Gold. (web
article, September 1999) http://www.people.cornell.edu/pages/tg21/recharging/
- "The Deep Hot Biosphere" by Tom Gold. 1999 http://www.people.cornell.edu/pages/tg21/index.html
- "The origin of Methane (and Oil) in the Crust of the
Earth" by Tom Gold. USGS Professional Paper 1570, 1993. http://www.people.cornell.edu/pages/tg21/usgs.html
- "Postulated impact craters yield oil and gas, lively
debate" by G Alan Petzet. Oil and Gas Journal, April 10,
1995. http://ogj.penwellnet.com/
- "Impact Cratering on the Earth" by Richard Grieve.
Scientific American, April 1990.
- "Petroleum"
- Encyclopaedia Britannica
- "Chicxulub
Impact
Crater Provides Clues to Earth's History" by Virgil L.
Sharpton, Lunar and Planetary Institute
- Origin
of
a Late Eocene to pre-Miocene buried crater and breccia
lens at Fohn-1, North Bonaparte Basin, Timor Sea:
A
probable extraterrestrial connection by John D.
Gorter* and Andrew Y. Glikson, Meteoritics & Planetary
Science vol35 (March 2000)
- Petrology
and
microstructure of distal impact ejecta from the Flinders
Ranges, Australia by Victor A. Gostin and Marek
Zbik, Meteoritics & Planetary Science 34 (July 1999)
- Oil's
origin - The Why Files - "We should mention that
while a few renegade scientists claim that petroleum has
an inorganic (sic - non-biological) origin, the
conventional wisdom [biological origin] , is pretty
convincing"
- "Microbes
deep
inside
the Earth" by James Fredrickson and Tullis Ontsott,
Scientific American, October 1996. (caution: their links no
longer work!)
- 18 Mar 2000 ABC: The
Theory
of Unlimited Oil.
- 30 May 2000 NSF: Seafloor
Off Mid-Atlantic Coast Highly Charged with Gas - ...possible
cracks along the outer continental shelf off the
mid-Atlantic coast might lead to a tsunami-causing
landslide ... discovered that the entire area is charged
with gas.
- 6 Aug 2000 BBC: Ancient
oil
points to 'cradle of life' - still preoccupied with
the idea that oil must come from organisms.
- 6 Aug 2000 Discover: The
Panther Mountain Crater - in New York state. Panther
Mountain
impact website
- 28 Aug 2000 Scientific American: Awash
in Oil.
- 4 Apr 01 Journal of Petroleum Geology: Astroblemes
and oil - a "classic" by Richard Donofrio (2.9Mb PDF)
- 13 Dec 01 Internet Geology: Ring
Structure in Basement of South Tatar arch - Super-giant
Romashkino oil field and other fields occur on a gigantic
ring structure in the basement rocks. This feature, the
Shentalinsko-Cheremshan structure, has a diameter of 250
km and is expressed clearly in the gravity and magnetic
fields in the form of a ring distribution of
anomalies...Development of the Shentalinsko-Cheremshan
ring structure began with formation of an isometric arch
in the Earth's crust due to introduction of mantle
material. [that is, it is not thought to be due to an
impact but it shows the potential of ringed structures to
trap oil]
- 9 May 04 GCA: Composition
and
origin of hydrothermal petroleum and associated lipids in
the sulfide deposits of the Rainbow field (Mid-Atlantic
Ridge at 36°N) - A
search for molecular evidence for abiogenic
thermocatalytic synthesis of organic compounds was
negative...
- 15 May 04: THE
SHIVA
CRATER: IMPLICATIONS FOR DECCAN VOLCANISM,
INDIA-SEYCHELLES RIFTING, DINOSAUR EXTINCTION, AND
PETROLEUM ENTRAPMENT AT THE KT BOUNDARY.
- 26 May 04: Chicxulub
impact:
The origin of reservoir and [ejecta layer] seal facies in
the southeastern Mexico oil fields. Geology:
Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 307–310 (abstract)
- 16 Sep 04 Nature: Anaerobic
hydrocarbon
biodegradation in deep subsurface oil reservoirs.
- 2 Feb 08 Nature: Deep-ocean
vents are a source of oil and gas - these organic
molecules are being created through inorganic processes,
rather than the more typical decomposition of once-living
material.
More on hydrocarbons in comets and asteroids
- "Comets" by Carl Sagan and Ann Druyan. 1986.
- "Mining the Sky" by John Lewis, 1996.
- "Life's
Far
Flung Raw Materials" by Max Bernstein, Scott Sandford
and Louis Allamandola, Scientific American, July 1999
- 1 May 2000: NASA
Craft Finds Possible Tar in Stars - Preliminary
measurements of interstellar dust particles encountered by
NASA’s Stardust spacecraft indicate the surprising
presence of large tar-like molecules
See also references on extremophiles.
- More results from the simulation.
- "Comet and Asteroid Impacts on a Populated Earth" by John
S. Lewis, Academic Press. 1999. Includes a diskette with the
Hazards program, written in GW Basic. See also this review.
- "Astronomical Catastrophes in Earth History" by Sidney
van Den Bergh, Publications of the Astronomical Society of
the Pacific, vol 106, no.701, July 1994.
- "Rain of Iron and Ice" by John Lewis, 1996.
- "Rogue Asteroids and Doomsday Comets" by Duncan Steel,
1995.
- "The Biospheric hazard of large impacts" by David
Morrison and Clarke Chapman. Proceedings of the
Planetary Defense Workshop 1995.
- "Impacts and life: Living in a risky Planetary System" by
David Morrison, Carl Sagan's Universe, Cambridge University
Press, 1997.
- "Carl Sagan and Nuclear Winter" by Richard Turco, Carl
Sagan's Universe, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
- "Damage from the impacts of small asteroids" by Jack
Hills and Patrick Goda, Planetary
Space
Sciences, Vol 46, No 2/3 pp219, 1998.
Updates
- "Calamity
at
Meteor Crater" Sky & Telescope. Nov 1999.
- Feb 2000: Benny Peiser to give a talk about impacts over
the last 10,000 years. AAAS
Annual Meeting. More details
of the simulation that Benny used in his talk. Adding up the
risks of cosmic impact: Researchers turn attention to
smaller, more frequent blasts (interview with Benny
Peiser and David Morrison). The Why Files: Colossal
cataclysm
-- facing the asteroid threat
- 'The mitigation, management and survivability of
asteroid/comet impact with Earth' by Victoria Garshnek,
David Morrison and Frederick Burkle, Space
Policy (Vol 16 (2000) 213-222)
- A
"Tunguska" Event in British Guyana in 1935? By Duncan
Steel, Meteorite! February 1996.
- 24 Jan 2001 SpaceDaily: Earth
May Have Cooled 10 Degrees Over Past 3 Million Years.
The discovery, announced in the American journal,
Science, adds weight to the theory that climate change
played a significant part in the evolution of early
humans.
- 23 Jul 02 Bioastronomy 2002 paper by Paine and Peiser: The Frequency and Consequences of
Cosmic Impacts Since the Demise of the Dinosaurs (280K
PDF). A shortened,
refereed
version is now published in the Proceedings
of
Bioastronomy 2002: Life Among the Stars. See also CLIMATE,
COMETS
AND HUMAN HISTORY by Dr Vic Gostin
- 1 Mar 17 New Scientist: The
greatest danger asteroids pose to us is not from the
impact
- 9 Jul 21 The Guardian: Human
body size shaped by climate, evolutionary study shows (the
chart is similar to Figure 3 in
this paper)
- "A reduced estimate of the number of kilometre-sized
near-Earth asteroids" by David Rabinowitz, Eleanor Helin,
Kenneth Lawrence and Steven Pravdo, Nature 13 Jan 2000. Nature
feature
of the week. See also the comments by David Jewitt.
- "Comet and Asteroid Impact Hazards on a Populated Earth"
by John S. Lewis, Academic Press. 1999.
- "Rogue Asteroids and Doomsday Comets" by Duncan Steel,
1995.
- "Near Earth Objects - NEOs", UK Parliamentary Report POST
126, April 1999. PDF version available at http://www.parliament.uk/post/pn126.pdf
- "The NEO flux, present and past" by Eugene Shoemaker. Proceedings of the
Planetary Defense Workshop 1995.
- Dark
Matter Telescope - The DMT would make uniquely
powerful contributions to the study of near-Earth
objects...
- "Evaluation
of
ground-based optical surveys for near-Earth asteroids",
by Alan W. Harris, Planetary And Space Science (46)2-3
(1998) pp. 283-290
See also this text
copy at CCNet.
Spacecraft
Missions
- List of missions to asteroids
and comets - with links.
- "NEAR Mission Overview and Trajectory Design" by Robert
Farquhar, David Dunham and Jim McAdams. Available from the NEAR website.
- "Eros
or bust" - NASA Space Science News.
- "On to Eros!" by Clark Chapman, September 1997 issue of the
Planetary
Report.
- "Its a small, small world: Missions to Near Earth
Asteroids" by Donald Davis and Alan Friedlander, November
1991 issue of the
Planetary
Report. Explains Delta Vs and mission trajectories for
a range of NEO targets (this was a special issue on NEAs -
see also Clark Chapman's News and Reviews).
- "Romancing the Stone" by Robert Farquhar and Joseph
Veverka, September 1995 issues of the
Planetary
Report. A detailed description of the NEAR mission.
- "Basics
of
Space Flight: Gravity Assist" by David Doody. Aslo in
May 1998 issue of the
Planetary
Report.
- "Dreadful
sorry,
Clementine" by Leon Jaroff, Time .27 Oct 1997.
- "Nanorover
to
help fetch asteroid material" by Glen Golightly,
Space.com
- "Stardust
Completes
Most Critical Maneuver of Comet-Catching Mission"
"A
Bus Between the Planets" by James Oberg and Buzz Aldrin,
Scientific American, March 2000. Gravity-assist
trajectories between Earth and Mars would reduce the
cost of shuttling human crews and their equipment Also
"To
Mars by Way of Its Moons" by S. Fred Singer. Also an
article on advanced
propulsion systems, such as ion drive.
- WHAT
HAPPENED TO THE SATURN V PLANS? Despite a widespread
belief to the contrary, the Saturn V blueprints have not
been lost...
- Possible Magnum
rocket for launching a manned mission to Mars.
- Saturn
5
Blueprints
Safely in Storage follow up story by Michael Paine.
- NASA's Space
Launch Initiative and press
release - 8 Mar 2000.
- Popular Science - 5 Year
Guide to Space Missions.
- 23 Dec 2000: The
Hera
Mission (asteroid sample return). Also at Space.com.
- 29 Dec 2000 CNN: The
Real
HAL: Artificial Intelligence in Space (Deep Space 1)
- 25 May 01 Space.com: Deep
Impact
Approved: Humanity's Turn to Slam into a Comet
- 16 Jan 02 Space.com: America's
Most
Powerful (current) Rocket Set for Launch Today - might
be useful for chasing asteroids!
- 28 Mar 06 Space Review: Thunder
in a bottle: the non-use of the mighty F-1 engine -
While NASA is rethinking its selection of the space shuttle
main engine for the heavy-lift launch vehicle that is one of
the cornerstones of the exploration plan, one engine not
being considered to replace it is the F-1 from the Saturn 5
program. Dwayne Day studies an earlier effort to revive the
F-1 engine, and the costs and challenges involved with doing
so.
- 30 Jul 16 SciAm ($): To
Bennu and Back - The OSIRIS-REx probe's journey to the
asteroid Bennu will answer questions about our deepest past
and possible futures
- 1 Jul 21 EuroNews: NASA
and ESA to test nudging asteroids off collision course
with Earth
Asteroid
deflection
- "Killing
asteroids" by Mark Alpert, Popular Mechanics, April
1997.
- "Averting
doomsday" by Jeffery Winters, Discover, August 1998.
- "Interdiction Summary Report" by Robert Barker and Vadim
Simonenko, Proceedings
of the Planetary Defense Workshop. 1995.
- "Non-Nuclear Strategies for Deflecting Comets and
Asteroids" by H Jay Melosh, Proceedings of the
Planetary Defense Workshop. 1995.
- "Optimal Trajectories for Interception of
Earth-Orbit-Crossing Asteroids" by Bruce Conway, Proceedings of the
Planetary Defense Workshop. 1995.
- "Making and Braking Asteroids" by Alan Harris, Nature, 4
May 1998.
- "Mining the Sky" by John Lewis, Addison Wesley, 1996.
- "Comet and Asteroid Impact Hazards on a Populated Earth"
by John S. Lewis, Academic Press. 1999.
- "Rogue Asteroids and Doomsday Comets" by Duncan Steel,
1995.
- CLOSE
APPROACHES
OF ASTEROID 1999 AN10: RESONANT AND NON-RESONANT RETURNS"
by Andrea Milani and Steven R. Chesley.
- "The
Continuing Story Of Asteroid 1999 AN10" by Paul
Chodas, Near Earth Object Program Office, Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, May 18, 1999
- "Comet and asteroid hazards: threat and mitigation" by
Johndale Solem. Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol 17 No. 3
pp141. Download the 6.9 Mb PDF file from LANL.
- Space Studies Institute - Asteroid
Deflection.
- 28 Jul 2000 NASA: Hubble
Sees Comet Linear Blow its Top.
- 11 May 01 Space.com: Insurance
Plans
for Humanity's Survival. (mass driver technology)
- 2 Jun 01 Space.com: Asteroid
Busting:
We Have the Technology.
- 10 Nov 01 Tumbling Stone: ASTEROID
DEFLECTION:
WE ONLY NEED A LITTLE, GENTLE KICK... + EARTH-IMPACTOR
MITIGATION
METHODS (CC)
- 16 Feb 02 Space.com: SPACE-BASED
MISSILE
DEFENSE NEEDED TO THWART ASTEROID ATTACKS
- 4 Apr 02 Space.com: A
Homeland Defense for Planet Earth.
- 2001 Tumbling Stone: We
only
need a little kick...
- 20 May 04 Space.com: Asteroid
Eaters:
Space Rock Hunting Robots That Could Protect Earth
- 2 Jun 05: A Call for (Considered) Action, Russell L.
Schweickart. Abstract,
(Word 2000, 21K) Full
paper, (.pdf, 883K) B612 Foundation.
The 2029/2036 "keyhole" for 2004 MN4 is only 600m across - a
small nudge would prevent an impact in 2036 (if the NEO
would otherwise pass through that keyhole)
- 10 Jun 06 Acta Astronautica: A
captured asteroid : Our David's stone for shielding earth
and providing the cheapest extraterrestrial material
- 18 Feb 07 BBC: Action
plan for killer asteroids
Solar
power/sails:
- "Light
sails" by Henry Harris, Scientific American, February
1999.
- Solar
Sail
Homepage.
- "MAINBELT ASTEROID RENDEZVOUS MISSIONS USING SOLAR
ELECTRIC AND SOLAR SAIL PROPULSION" (abstract)
by C. McFarland and M. Leipold, Proceedings of the
AAS/AIAA Spaceflight Mechanics Meeting, February
12-15, 1996, Austin, Texas (AAS 96-167)
- "Solar Sails and Interstellar Space Travel" book by Louis
Friedman, 1987 (out of print).
- "Solar Sailing : Technology, Dynamics and Mission
Applications" book by Colin McInnes, 1999.
- "AsterAnts:
A
Concept for Large-Scale Meteoroid Return and Processing
using the International Space Station" by Al Globus,
Bryan Biegel and Steve Traugott.
- "Tacking
solar
sails" by Benjamin Diedrich
- SOLAR
SAILING by Eric Drexler
- AIR
FORCE SIGNS BOEING TO BUILD $48 MILLION SOLAR (POWERED)
ROCKET.
- 1 Mar 2000 Space.com: Russians
May
Hoist Europe's Solar Sail.
- 2 Mar 2000 Space.com: Breakthrough
In
Solar Sail Technology.
- 26 May 2000 CNN: Scientists
propose
sailing to the stars on solar wind.
- 6 Jun 2000 Space.com: Outer
Space
Sailing Ship Unveiled at Aerospace Show.
- 2 Jul 2000 NASA: Setting
Sail
for the Stars - with links
- 16 Aug 2000 Seattle Times: Sailing
through
space
- 2001: TPS
Solar Sail initiative.
- FOSSILIZED
BACTERIA IN MURCHISON AND EFREMOVKA(Meteorites) by Brig
Klyce, Cosmic Ancestry.
- FOSSILIZED
LIFE FORMS IN THE MURCHISON METEORITE by by Brig Klyce,
Cosmic Ancestry.
- Contamination of the Murchison Meteorite by Andrew
Steele. 30th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science
Conference, March 1999, Houston, Copy available from ADS
Abstract service (search for Murchison).
- Mars
mound
might have been built by microbes by Lou Bergeron, New
Scientist . 09.02.99 (copy at Explorezone)
- Picture
of
Murchison Meteorite.
- The
town
of Murchison. Treat the meteorite description with
caution!
- CCNet
DIGEST,
5 March 1999 SOILS FOR SPACE-BASED AGRICULTURE M.N.
Mautner: Formation, chemistry and fertility of
extraterrestrial soils: Cohesion, water adsorption and surface
area of carbonaceous chondrite. Prebiotic and space resource
applications. ICARUS, 1999, Vol.137, No.1, pp.178-195
- Microbial
mats
and stromatolites - NASA
- Bacteria
in
the Tatahouine meteorite: nanometric-scale life in
rocks Earth and Planetary Science Letters 175
(2000). 1.6Mb PDF.
- MICROBES
IN
A MARTIAN METEORITE? AN UPDATE ON THE CONTROVERSY by
Allan Treiman, Sky & Telescope, April 1999 (at
Britannica.com). Also Treiman's Mars
Meteorite page .
Updates
- April 2000: The
Microbiological
Contamination of Meteorites; A Null Hypothesis by Andrew
Steele, Astrobiology Conference.
- Stromatolites
- ABC Gardening show!
- 1 Jun 2000: Largest
meteorite
find in Canadian history. Uni Calgary
- 29 Mar 01 Space.com: Apollo
Moon
Rocks: Dirty Little Secrets - Andrew Steele found a
few earthly organisms having a picnic within lunar
samples...
- 14 May 01 Spacedaily: Italian
researchers
find traces of life in meteorites - but see cautions
above. Also Space.com.
- 1 Aug 01 Yahoo: Scientists
Claim
Evidence of Life in Outer Space (results of Indian
rocket experiments) but they
look like common terrestrial bacteria but there is no
explanation of how they could have risen so
high. ``There would have to be some unusual event
which would take particles from the Earth to a height
of 40 kilometers,'' Lloyd said in a telephone
interview. The bacteria could have hitched a ride on a
rocket or satellite into space or they really could be
from another planet. ``We have no evidence for one or the
other as yet..." BBC: Scepticism
greets
'space bugs' claim + Space.com.
- 1 Oct 01 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta :Lunar
dust:
a negative control for biomarker analyses of
extraterrestrial samples? Some lunar samples appear to
be uncontaminated.
- 13 Dec 02 NASA: Researchers
Find
Possible Precursors To Early Life On Earth In Tagish Lake
Meteorite.
- 13 Feb 03 NAI: Murchison's
Amino Acids: Tainted Evidence?
- Jun 04 SPIE: Biomarkers
and
Microfossils in the Murchison, Rainbow, and Tagish Lake
meteorites (abstract)
- 16 Aug 04 CA: Evidence for
indigenous microfossils in a carbonaceous meteorite
- 10 Sep 04 SpaceDaily: Major
Milestone
For Detecting Life On Mars - more from Andrew Steele
- 27 Jul 05 GCA (abs): New
pyrolytic
and spectroscopic data on Orgueil and Murchison [meteorite]
insoluble
organic matter: A different origin than soluble?
- 16 Feb 10 BBC:
Space rock contains organic molecular feast
- 9 Aug 11 NASA: NASA
Research Shows DNA Building Blocks Can Be Made in Space
+ Space.com
Video [great effort made to eliminate contamination]
- 18 Sep 14 Sci_news: 18 Sep 14 Sci-News: Cell-Like
Structure Found within 1.3-Billion-Year-Old Martian
Meteorite (thanks Paul
Curnow)
- 2 Oct 19 ABC: When
a space visitor came to country Victoria.
- 15 Jan 20 Reuters: Oldest
stuff on Earth found inside meteorite that hit Australia
(thanks Paul
Curnow )
- 9 Jan 21 Science ($): Recent
fluid flow in ancient meteorites - water appears to have
liquified in the Murchinson meteorites in the past million
years, possibly due to the impact that dislodged it from the
parent body. However earthly contamination seems a
possibility.
- 4 Feb 23 UT: A
Martian Meteorite Contains Organic Compounds. The Raw
Ingredients for Life? (annoying ads - reader view
recommended)
- 29 Nov 24 New Scientist: Bacteria
found in asteroid sample – but they’re not from space (Matthew
Genge quoted)
See also Your ancestors may have been Martian
extremophiles and Swapping Rocks.
- Bisei Spaceguard
Centre, Japan + technical
features.
- NASA's
tally of discoveries by observatory.
- Loss
of Near Earth Asteroid 1998 OX4 - NEO News
- Spaceguard
Report - 1992. For a great historical account of the
Spaceguard issue see the "sources" section of Arthur C
Clarke's 'The Hammer of God' (1993). The term "Spaceguard" was
coined by Sir Arthur in his 1973 book 'Rendezvous with Rama'.
- "Evaluation
of
ground-based optical surveys for near-Earth asteroids",
by Alan W. Harris, Planetary And Space Science (46)2-3 (1998)
pp. 283-290. (was available as PDF until Dec 1999!).
- NEO search programs.
See
also NASA's list, with
descriptions. Several are now out of date.
- Report on Spaceguard Australia
- ceased in 1996
- ESA report
on flexi-missions - including the unsuccessful Spaceguard-1
proposal.
- MAP spacecraft proposal has an explanation
of Lagrange Points. - as proposed for Spaceguard-1.
- Alain Maury's assessment
of
NEO search programs.
- Major search programs.
- Major follow-up programs.
- Spaceguard in
the new millennium notice of a lecture by Brian
Marsden.
- Observatory
Down
Under to Help Search for Killer Asteroids
5 August 2000
(alternative title ' Puffball comet puzzles astronomers')
- IAU
Circular
7471
- CometLinear.Com
- NASA
Space
Science
- The Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes - Press
Release
Updates
7 August 2000
For references see Bigger telescopes seek
killer asteroids.
11 August 2000
For references see Chicken Little was right: The
sky is falling
18 Sep 2000
Also What
Makes
An Asteroid Threatening to Earth? and British
Asteroid
Report Takes Some of Shine Off the Sydney Olympics.
- UK NEO Task
Group report (700K PDF)
- Reactions
to
the report posted on CCNet.
16 May 01
1 Aug 01
- Graph showing timing of major
impacts and eruptions (+ more links)
- 'Oceanic Mega-impacts and crustal evolution' by A.
Glikson, Geology, 27:387-341, May 1999 (+ personal
correspondence)
- 'Axial focusing of impact energy in the Earth's interior:
a possible link to flood basalts and hotspots' by M
Boslough, E. Chael, T. Trucano, D.Crawford and D. Campbell,
Geological Society of America, Special Paper 307, 541-550,
1996 (not available online).
- 'Do large impacts strengthen mantle plumes and produce
Komatiites?' by D. Abbott,
Geological Society of America Annual
Meeting
2000, Abstract 50659 (papers not online - see other
relevant papers at that conference by Elkins and Hagstrum)
- 'CAN IMPACTS INDUCE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS?' by H. J.
Melosh,' Catastrophic
Events
Conference, Vienna, July 2000, Abstract 3144 (PDFs for
downloading)
- 'Impact induced volcanism on Earth: searching for the
evidence' by A.P. Jones,' Catastrophic
Events
Conference, Vienna, July 2000, Abstract 3097 (PDFs for
downloading)
- 'Cometary collisions and geological periods' by Harold
Urey Nature Vol 242 p32, 1973.(raises
the possibility of impacts initiating eruptions)
- 'Volcanic
Accomplice', by Naomi Lubick, Scientific American,
March 2001.
- The July
2001 issue of Scientific American contains a letter to
the editor concerning an article by Michael Gurnis about
"mantle superplumes". In responding to the letter Gurnis
refers to very recent seismic research that indicates the
African superplume begins at the core mantle boundary. It
seems difficult to explain how such a deep structure could
be initiated by an impact with the Earth's crust. This might
not be the case, however, with smaller "hot spots".
- 28 Aug 2001: GSA Permian
Extraterrestrial
Impact Caused Largest Mass Extinction on Earth. ...an
asteroid
or
a comet hit the ocean at the end of the Permian, triggered
a rapid and massive release of sulfur from the mantle to
the ocean-atmosphere system, swooped up a significant
amount of oxygen, precipitated acid rain, and possibly set
off large-scale volcanism.
- 9 Oct 01 GSA
Abstracts for Nov 2001 Conference: IMPACT-INDUCED
VOLCANISM:
A GEOLOGIC MYTH - more scepticism by Jay Melosh (CC)
- American Geophysical Union 2001
Meeting - Advances in Modeling Flow Processes:
Volcanoes, Floods, Impacts, and Mass Movements.
- POST-LATE
HEAVY
BOMBARDMENT ASTEROID/COMET IMPACT RATES & OCEANIC
MEGA-IMPACTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR EPISODIC CRUSTAL EVOLUTION
AND PLATE TECTONICS - CCNet essay by Andrew Glikson,
14 May 1999.
- 5 Feb 02 SpaceDaily: A
Rising Force: New Study on Ancient Mantle Plumes.
- 19 Feb 02 BBC: Volcanoes
threaten
to divide Africa - A plume of hot volcanic mantle
rock is rising beneath Africa, trying to split the
continent apart.
- 9 Dec 02 EPSL: Extraterrestrial
influences
on mantle plume activity (abstract)
- 13 Dec 02 New Scientist: Earth's
volcanism
linked to meteorite impacts
- 5 Feb 03 Space.com: How
Asteroids
Trigger Volcanos
- 19 Mar 03 CCNet: THE
BULLET THEORY: A NEW LINK BETWEEN MASS EXTINCTIONS AND ITS
IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMANKIND.
- 16 May 03 Spacedaily: A
Fiery Debate About Volcanoes (source of hotspots)
- 29 Jul 03 SpaceDaily; The
"Fixed" Hotspot That Created Hawaii Not Stationary At All
- 8 Nov 03: MantlePlumes.org
- This website discusses the origin of "hotspot" volcanism.
- 27 Jan 04 Icarus (1994!): Assessment
of
Antipodal-Impact Terrains on Mars - thanks Mark
Boslough + LPI91: The
Formation
of Antipodal-Impact Terrains on Mars. + LPSC78: Volcanism
Associated
with the Hellas Basin of Mars + Antipodal
Effects
of Major Basin-Forming Impacts on Mars.
- 29 Jan 04 Brian Shiro has a map showing possible
anti-podal features on Mars.(thanks Adrian Lark)
- 3 Nov 04 AGU Annual Meeting: Antipodal
Hotspots and Bipolar Catastrophes: Were Oceanic Large-Body
Impacts to Blame?
- 16 Dec 04 Stanford Uni: Geophysicists debate the cause of hotspots
- 9 Dec 07 New Scientist ($): Did
a comet kick-start Earth's plate tectonics? This
article is also a good example of the benefits of using the
term microplanet for "comets
and asteroids".
- 4 Dec 09 Nature: Deep
structure imaged under Hawaii - Seismic experiment
gives best evidence yet for mantle plumes
- 27 May 11 Nature: Hawaiian
hot spot fuels volcano debate - Textbook picture
of Earth beneath Hawaii may be wrong (interesting clash of
sub-titles with the previous item)
- 3 Oct 15 Science ($): State
shift in Deccan volcanism at the Cretaceous-Paleogene
boundary, possibly induced by impact + SMH: Dinosaur
extinction theories could be united as a result of
research breakthrough (see also How
an asteroid impact causes extinction "Astronomer
Duncan Steel has suggested that the same occurred with the
Chicxulub impact and that the shock waves caused the Deccan
Traps..." 1999! )
- 17 Oct 22 Researchgate.net (2003): Impact
Decompression Melting: A Possible Trigger for Impact
Induced Volcanism and Mantle Hotspots ?
- Cavicchioli, R., Thomas, T., Saunders, N., Curmi, P.,
Kuczek, E., Slade, R., Davis J. and Mattlick, J. (2000)
:Towards the genome of the psychrophilic archaeon
Methanogenium frigidum', Proceedings of the 8th
International Conference on Small Genomes, 2000. http://www.micro.unsw.edu.au/rick/arrowhead.html
- Horowitz, N. (1977) 'The Search for Life on Mars',
Scientific American, November 1977.
- Kimball, J. (2001) Is (Was?) there life on Mars, http://www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/M/Mars.html
- Klein, H.P. (1996) 'On the Search for Extant Life on
Mars', Icarus 120, 431-436, 1996.
- Klein, H.P. (1998) 'The Search for Life on Mars: What we
learned from Viking', J. Geophysical Research Vol 103, No
E12 28463-28466, 25 Nov 1998.
- Klein, H.P. (1999) 'Did Viking discover life on Mars?',
Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere, 29: 625-631,
1999.
- Levin, G.V. (1997) 'The Viking Labeled Release Experiment
and Life on Mars', Proceedings of SPIE Conference, 1997.
- Levin, G.V. and Straat, P.A. (1977) 'Recent results from
the Viking Labeled Release Experiment on Mars', J.
Geophysical Research Vol 82 No 28, 30 Sep 1977.
- Levin, G.V., Kuznetz, L. and Lafleur A. (2000)
'Approaches to Resolving the Question of Life in Mars',
Proceedings of SPIE Conference, 2000.
- Madigan, M.T. and Marrs B.L. (1997) 'Extromophiles',
Scientific American, April 1997.
- Miller, J.D., Straat, P.A. and Levin G.V. (2001)
'Periodic Analysis of the Viking Lander Labeled Release
Experiment', Proceedings of SPIE Conference, 2001.
- Scientific American, editors (1977) 'Science and the
Citizen: Ambiguities of Mars', Scientific American, February
1977.
- Space Studies Board (2000) Evaluating the Biological
Potential in Samples Returned from Planetary Satellites and
Small Solar System Bodies, http://www.nas.edu/ssb/sssbch1.htm
- 9 Apr 03 Space.com: Mars
Gullies
Could Harbor Martian Biology.
- 8 Jun 04 NAI: Fleshing
Out Martian Proteins.
- 1 Aug 04 Nature: The
search
for life on Mars - review of progress.
- 31 Aug 04 NAI: Life
on
Mars: A Definite Possibility
[does that mean "possible"]
- 9 May 08 Space.com:
Alien Life-Searching Techniques Tested
- 14 Sep 10 Space.com: Building
Blocks for Life on Mars Possibly Seen By Viking Probes,
Study Suggests
- 12 Dec 14 Inquisitr: Tissint
Meteorite may show evidence of organic life [chemicals!]
in space + Livescience: Experts
Cast Doubt on Meteorite Study's Claims of Martian Life.
- 20 Oct 19 SciAm: I’m
Convinced We Found Evidence of Life on Mars in the 1970s
by Gibert Levin
- IAU Symposium, Sydney, 2003: Thursday July 17 - 7.00 pm -
Public forum with Dr Alan Harris from the Space
Science Institute Colorado, Dr Andrea Milani from the
University of Pisa and Dr David Morrison from the NASA Ames
Research Center on "The Danger from Space: Are Near Earth
Objects a Catastrophe Waiting to Happen?" at the Darling
Harbour Convention Centre. Talk moderated by Karl
Kruszelnicki. + Australian
Minor Planet Workshop, Nelson Bay 25-27 July.
- 2 Apr 03 OECD: Dealing with the hazard of
asteroids and comets that collide with the Earth -
Report from the workshop, entitled "Near Earth Objects:
Risks, Policies and Actions" held in Frascati, Italy, on
January 20-22, 2003, It brought together leading NEO experts
and government officials to examine the NEO issue as it
relates to public safety.
- Paper by Clark Chapman.(also
a Word
DOC version at Clark's website)
- 14 Jul 03 Space.com: Concerned
Citizens
Ask for Congressional Action on Near Earth Objects.
The Open
Letter is similar to a
letter from 91 scientists sent to the Australian
government last year and several scientists are
signatories to both letters.
- Tumbling
Stone
article about Keyholes.
- 1 Sep 11 SpaceDaily: Asteroid
Impact on Earth: Experts Review Global Response and
Mitigation Steps
Top of page
This page prepared by Michael Paine,
Australian Planetary Science
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29 Aug 2013:
Rocks from Space now available for iPad
as an iBook.